The rest is a mixture of globulins, including immunoglobulins. Albumin, a protein produced by the liver, makes up about 50%-60% of the protein in the blood. Routine dipstick testing of urine measures the presence of albumin. However, if the kidneys are damaged or compromised due to other conditions, they become less effective at filtering, causing detectible amounts of protein to spill over into the urine. When the kidneys are functioning normally, they retain or reabsorb the filtered proteins and return them to the blood. The kidneys, two organs found in the back at the bottom of the rib cage, recapture these proteins by filtering the blood by removing wastes and eliminating them from the body in the urine. Plasma proteins are essential for all living beings. Since saving all of the urine for 24 hours can be cumbersome for adults and difficult for infants and children, a random urine protein to creatinine ratio is sometimes substituted for a 24-hour urine protein sample. When both a urine creatinine and a random urine protein test are performed, the resulting protein/creatinine ratio approaches the accuracy of the 24-hour urine protein test. The amount of protein in a random urine sample may be measured along with urine creatinine and reported as the ratio of urine protein to creatinine (UPCR).Ĭreatinine, a byproduct of muscle metabolism, is normally released into the urine at a constant rate.The quantity of protein in a 24-hour urine sample may be measured and reported as the amount of protein released per 24 hours.A semi-quantitative protein “dipstick” may be performed as part of a urinalysis, generally on a random urine sample.There are several different kinds of urine protein tests, including: Persistent protein in the urine suggests possible kidney damage or some other condition that requires additional testing to determine the cause. Elevated levels may be seen temporarily with conditions such as infections, stress, pregnancy, diet, cold exposure, or heavy exercise. Normal urine protein elimination is less than 150 mg/day and less than 30 mg of albumin/day. Diet and medications can help.Urine protein tests detect and/or measure protein being released into the urine. Long-term, high phosphate levels can cause brittle weak bones, muscle and joint pain, and may cause serious heart problems. High levels can cause itching, and sore red eyes. Phosphate is a mineral in food that can build up in the body. The results can be affected by age and other factors. This also shows the level of kidney function. The dietitian will be able to advise you if you need to restrict foods containing potassium.Ĭreatinine is a breakdown product of normal muscle and meat in the diet. Very high levels can cause irregular heart rhythms and even cardiac arrest (stop your heart). Potassium is a natural chemical or electrolyte which occurs in many foods. Please discuss any concerns with your team. It is important to understand how the results relate to your symptoms and your future planned care. Shows how well controlled your blood sugar levels have been for the past 2-3 months.Īs well as eGFR there are other blood tests which give an idea of how well your kidneys are filtering waste products. If you have diabetes you blood sugar level will be measured using a test called HbA1c. The lower your cholesterol level the better.

This is a fat in your blood which can raise yourrisk of a heart attack. The second figure is the 'diastolic' measuring the pressure in between heart beats.

The first figure is the 'systolic', measuring the pressure in your blood vessels when your heart pumps. If you would like some help with this, please ask.īlood Pressure is given as two figures, for example 130/80 mmHg. Some patients find monitoring their blood pressure at home helpful. Blood Pressure (BP) Monitor your blood pressure.

Creatinine normal range